Azacitidine
Uses of Azacitidine
The main use of Azacitidine is in the management of certain blood disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It belongs to the class of anticancer medications known as antimetabolites.
Side effects of Azacitidine
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Injection site reactions such as pain, redness, and swelling
Fatigue
How Azacitidine works
Azacitidine is an anti-cancer medication classified as an antimetabolite.
It functions by incorporating itself into the DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells. This action hinders the growth and spread of cancer cells by disrupting their genetic processes.
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Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Azacitidine is available via the subcutaneous or intravenous route (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
- This medicine is intended for adults aged 18 and over.
Contraindications
- It is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to Azacitidine, mannitol and in patients with advanced malignant hepatic tumours.
Other Medications to Avoid
- Azacitidine may interact with antineoplastics (such as cyclophosphamide and methotrexate), immunosuppressants (like tacrolimus and sirolimus), and antivirals (like zidovudine and lamivudine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Azacitidine may cause severe side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anaemia, and thrombocytopenia. If you experience these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.
- If you miss a dose of this medicine, administer it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed one. Do not administer a double dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary, generally harmless, and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- To manage nausea and vomiting, try taking your medication with food.
- If you have an injection site reaction, apply a cool compress to the area.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- Azacitidine may cause fatigue and dizziness, affecting your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities if you feel tired or dizzy after administering this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- Azacitidine is not recommended for use during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the foetus.
- It is unknown whether Azacitidine passes into breast milk. Hence, breastfeeding mothers should avoid using this medicine unless advised by their doctor.
Caution in Other Conditions
- Patients with severe pre-existing hepatic impairment should use Azacitidine with caution as it can worsen liver problems. Close monitoring for signs of toxicity is required in these patients. It should also be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Individuals managing blood disorders such as MDS, JMML, or AML should maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support overall health.
Frequently asked questions
Does Azacitidine affect mood or emotions?
There is no confirmed scientific evidence that Azacitidine directly affects mood or emotions. However, like any serious illness, having a blood disorder and undergoing treatment can potentially have psychological impacts. It is important to discuss any concerns with your doctor.
Can Azacitidine cause allergies?
Yes, some patients may experience an allergic reaction to Azacitidine. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing. If you experience such symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Are there natural alternatives to Azacitidine?
There are no recognised natural alternatives that have the same effect as Azacitidine in managing blood disorders, such as MDS, JMML, and AML. Always consult your doctor before starting any new medication or alternative treatments.
Is it safe for teenagers to take Azacitidine?
Azacitidine is used in adults for the management of certain blood disorders. Its safety and efficacy in teenagers have not been established. Please consult your doctor for appropriate treatment options.
How long do I need to take Azacitidine?
The duration of treatment with Azacitidine varies among individuals and depends on the specific condition being managed and the patient's response to therapy. Your doctor will determine how long you need to take this medicine.
Does Azacitidine lead to hair loss?
The literature does not specifically mention hair loss as a common side effect of Azacitidine. However, as with many anti-cancer medications, hair loss could occur. If you are concerned about this, you should discuss it with your doctor.
Does Azacitidine affect appetite?
Yes, a decreased appetite is a common side effect of Azacitidine. If you experience this, try eating small, frequent meals and consult a dietician if necessary.
List of Medicines for Azacitidine
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