Diseases & Conditions

Addison's disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare chronic condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are vital for maintaining various bodily functions, such as stress response, blood pressure regulation, and electrolyte balance. The most common cause of Addison's disease is an autoimmune response that damages the adrenal glands. This leads to reduced hormone production.

Amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which is transmitted through contaminated food and water. The infection can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and can lead to complications if left untreated. Proper hygiene and sanitation practices are essential in preventing the spread of amoebiasis.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways, causing them to become inflamed and narrow. It can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. While there is no cure for asthma, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.

Angioedema is a condition characterised by swelling under the skin caused by fluid leakage from small blood vessels. It can be triggered by allergic reactions, certain medications, or hereditary factors, and the swelling can affect various body parts. Depending on the type of angioedema, symptoms may include itchy, red, or burning sensations. Sometimes, the swelling can be life-threatening if it affects the airways.

An anal fissure is a small tear or crack in the lining of the anus, causing pain and bleeding during bowel movements. The condition is common and can affect people of all ages, although it is more prevalent in infants and middle-aged adults. Anal fissures are typically categorised as acute or chronic, depending on their duration and healing process.

Arrhythmia is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, either too fast, too slow, or with an abnormal rhythm. Various factors, including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, and certain medications, can cause arrhythmias. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the arrhythmia, ranging from lifestyle changes and medications to procedures like cardioversion or ablation.

Anal cancer is a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus or anal canal. It occurs when cells in the anus grow out of control and crowd out normal cells. The most common symptoms include rectal bleeding, itching, pain, and lumps or masses near the anus. It is often diagnosed through physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies. Treatment options vary depending on the stage and type of anal cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Anaemia is a common condition characterised by a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. It can cause various symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, and shortness of breath. Anaemia can be caused by inadequate production, excessive loss, or increased destruction of red blood cells, and requires timely diagnosis and treatment.

Appendicitis is a common medical emergency that occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and infected. It can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and fever and requires prompt medical attention to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to prevent serious complications such as peritonitis and sepsis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy.

Anal pain is discomfort or pain in and around the anus or rectum, known as the perianal region. It is a common complaint with many possible causes, most of which are not serious. However, the pain itself can be severe due to the numerous nerve endings in the perianal area.