Codeine

Dosage Forms Available

• Codeine can be taken orally (tablet or syrup) and administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously (infusion).

Age and Dose Restrictions

• Codeine is intended for use in adults and children aged 12 years and above.

Contraindications

• Codeine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to this medication or any of its components.

• It is also contraindicated in patients suffering from respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma, hypercarbia, or paralytic ileus.

Other Medications to Avoid

• Codeine may interact with central nervous system depressants (such as sedatives and hypnotics), anticholinergics (like atropine and scopolamine) and antidepressants (such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants).

Overdose and Missed Dose

• Overdosing on Codeine can lead to symptoms like severe drowsiness, slow breathing, muscle weakness, bradycardia, hypotension, cold and clammy skin, and even coma. If you observe any of these signs, seek immediate medical attention.

• If you miss a dose of Codeine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Never take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.

• To manage nausea and vomiting, try taking Codeine after meals.

• For drowsiness, avoid activities that require mental alertness until this side effect subsides.

• Stay hydrated to prevent constipation caused by Codeine.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Codeine may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience these side effects after taking the medication.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• The use of Codeine during pregnancy and breastfeeding should only be considered if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Please consult your doctor before using Codeine if you are pregnant or nursing.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Patients with renal or hepatic impairment should exercise caution when using Codeine as it is metabolised in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.

• Caution should also be taken in patients with head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, seizure disorders, acute abdominal conditions, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and urethral stricture.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Ensure a balanced diet with plenty of fibre to manage constipation caused by Codeine.

• Maintain good hydration to prevent kidney stones.