Dexamethasone
Uses of Dexamethasone
- Dexamethasone is used to treat inflammation of the skin, joints, lungs, and other organs. It is primarily used for managing a range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and belongs to the glucocorticoid family of medications.
- Additionally, it is prescribed for skin conditions like dermatitis and psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, allergic reactions, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis relapses, certain types of cancers, endocrine disorders, severe sepsis, and shock.
- Dexamethasone is also effective in managing nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and in reducing swelling before and after dental procedures and surgeries.
Side effects of Dexamethasone
Insomnia
Anxiety
Mood changes
Increased appetite
Weight gain
How Dexamethasone works
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid.
It functions by imitating the natural hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Specifically, it attaches to glucocorticoid receptors within cells. This triggers anti-inflammatory gene activity and suppresses pro-inflammatory genes. The result is a reduction in inflammation and a decrease in immune system activity. It also has an impact on the body's metabolism and electrolyte balance. This mechanism helps to lessen symptoms such as swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Dexamethasone can be taken orally (tablets and liquid solution), administered intramuscularly or intravenously (injectable solution), instilled topically into the eyes (eye drops) or applied topically (ointment).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults and children.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Dexamethasone or any excipients in the formulation. It should also not be used by individuals with systemic fungal infections or active tuberculosis.
Other Medications to Avoid
Dexamethasone can interact with anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin and carbamazepine), antibiotics (like rifampin), and anti-fungal medicines (such as ketoconazole).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Dexamethasone may cause symptoms such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, edema, weight gain, pancreatitis, and acute psychosis. If such symptoms are observed, consult a doctor immediately.
If a dose of this medicine is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
If you are experiencing insomnia or mood changes, try taking the medication in the morning.
Drink plenty of fluids to help manage side effects such as fluid retention and high blood pressure.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Dexamethasone may cause dizziness or blurred vision. If you experience these symptoms, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Dexamethasone is a pregnancy category C medicine. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the risks. It is secreted in breast milk and should be used with caution in breastfeeding mothers. Always consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension or glaucoma should exercise caution when taking Dexamethasone. Always inform your doctor about any existing health conditions before starting on this medicine.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
For patients managing inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains can support overall health.
Stress management techniques such as mindfulness, yoga and regular exercise can help cope with the emotional aspects of managing these conditions.
Frequently asked questions
Is Dexamethasone a steroid?
Yes, Dexamethasone is a synthetic steroid medication. It is classified as a glucocorticoid and is used to manage various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Does Dexamethasone have any effect on sleep?
Dexamethasone may cause insomnia, which is difficulty in sleeping. If you experience sleep disturbances while taking this medicine, consult your doctor.
Will Dexamethasone affect fertility?
Dexamethasone is not directly associated with affecting fertility in men or women. However, if you have concerns about fertility, consult your doctor before starting the medication.
Is it safe to take Dexamethasone daily?
Dexamethasone should be taken as directed by your doctor. The frequency and duration of use depends on the condition being managed and individual patient factors.
How much time does Dexamethasone take to work?
The time it takes for Dexamethasone to work may vary depending on the condition being managed. Some effects may be noticeable within hours to days of starting the medication.
What is the best time to take Dexamethasone?
The best time to take Dexamethasone should be decided by your doctor based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
Do I need a prescription to purchase Dexamethasone?
Yes, Dexamethasone is a prescription medication and is not available over the counter.
Dexamethasone in other salts
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