Efavirenz
Uses of Efavirenz
Efavirenz is primarily used to manage HIV-1 infection in adults and children. It belongs to the class of antiretroviral medicines known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).
Besides its main use, Efavirenz also helps to reduce the amount of HIV in the body, thereby allowing the immune system to function better and reducing the risk of HIV complications.
Side effects of Efavirenz
Skin rash
Dizziness
Headache
Fatigue
How Efavirenz works
Efavirenz belongs to the antiretroviral medicine category and is specifically classified as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).
It works by interacting directly with the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that the virus uses to replicate itself. This interaction prevents the enzyme from converting the virus's RNA into DNA, thereby halting the replication of the virus.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Efavirenz can be taken orally (capsule and tablet).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Efavirenz can be used by adults as well as children who weigh at least 40 kg.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Efavirenz or any of its ingredients.
Other Medications to Avoid
Efavirenz may interact with antifungal agents (such as voriconazole), anticonvulsants (like carbamazepine, phenytoin), cholesterol-lowering agents (such as simvastatin), blood thinners (like warfarin), and certain antibiotics (like clarithromycin).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Efavirenz may cause symptoms such as severe dizziness, impaired concentration, and seizures. If you observe these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
To manage nausea or vomiting, try taking this medicine with a light snack or milk.
Taking this medicine at bedtime can help reduce symptoms like dizziness or confusion.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Efavirenz may cause dizziness or difficulty concentrating. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Efavirenz is not recommended for use during the first trimester of pregnancy due to potential risks to the unborn baby. Consult your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be exercised when using Efavirenz in patients with liver disease, history of seizures, or psychiatric conditions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
It might be beneficial to adhere to a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains as this can boost your immune system.
Regular medical check-ups are necessary to monitor your health condition.
Frequently asked questions
Is Efavirenz a steroid?
No, Efavirenz is not a steroid. It belongs to the antiretroviral medicine category and is specifically classified as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).
Does Efavirenz affect sleep?
Yes, one of the common side effects of Efavirenz can include sleep disorders, such as insomnia or abnormal dreams.
Will Efavirenz affect fertility?
Efavirenz is not typically associated with affecting fertility. However, as it is used in the management of HIV-1 infection, it's always advisable to discuss this with your doctor.
Is it safe to take Efavirenz daily?
Yes, Efavirenz is generally safe if taken daily, as per your doctor's instructions. Do not adjust the dose or stop taking the medicine without consulting your doctor.
How much time does Efavirenz take to work?
Efavirenz begins to work soon after you start taking it. However, it may take several weeks to notice a significant decrease in your viral load.
What is the best time to take Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is usually taken at bedtime on an empty stomach. Always follow your doctor's instructions about timing and dosage.
What is the duration of treatment with Efavirenz?
The duration of treatment with Efavirenz varies depending on individual needs and response to therapy. Always follow your doctor's instructions.
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