Mannitol
Uses of Mannitol
The primary use of Mannitol is to reduce elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and treat cerebral edema. It is classified as an osmotic diuretic.
In addition to the above, Mannitol is also used to reduce elevated eye pressure before and after surgeries, promote urine output during acute kidney failure, manage fluid overload and pulmonary congestion, and help improve mucus clearance in individuals with cystic fibrosis.
Side effects of Mannitol
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Dizziness
Infusion site reactions
How Mannitol works
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic.
It works by increasing the concentration of dissolved particles in your blood (osmolarity). This draws fluid away from body tissues and into your bloodstream. As the volume of your blood increases, your kidneys filter out more fluid, leading to increased urine production. This reduction in fluid within the tissues helps to lower raised pressure in the brain and eyes.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Mannitol is available for use via injection route in the form of solution and inhalation route in the form of powder.
Age and Dose Restrictions
The use of Mannitol is generally indicated for adults and children above the age of 12 years.
Contraindications
Mannitol is contraindicated in patients with anuria (non-production of urine), severe pulmonary congestion, and active intracranial bleeding.
It is also contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to Mannitol.
Other Medications to Avoid
Mannitol may interact with other nephrotoxic medicines (such as cisplatin and amphotericin B), diuretics (like furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide), and neurotoxic medicines (such as lithium and methotrexate).
Before starting any new prescription or over-the-counter medications, it is crucial to consult your doctor.
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Mannitol can lead to serious fluid/electrolyte imbalances, hyperosmolarity, volume overload, and renal failure. If you suspect an overdose, it is essential to seek immediate medical assistance.
If you forget to take your scheduled dose of Mannitol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it nears the time for the next dose, skip the forgotten dose and return to your regular dosing schedule.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For nausea or vomiting, try taking your medicine with food or milk.
Headache and dizziness can be managed by resting and avoiding sudden movements.
Drinking plenty of fluids can help manage increased urination caused by Mannitol.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Mannitol may cause dizziness as a side effect. If you experience this, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you feel well.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Caution is advised while using Mannitol in case of pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, it is advisable to consult your doctor before using Mannitol if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with renal disease, heart failure, or electrolyte imbalances should exercise caution when using Mannitol.
Mannitol infusions should be administered cautiously to patients with severe cardiac or pulmonary conditions, as rapid shifts in fluid balance can worsen these conditions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular hydration is important while taking Mannitol due to its diuretic effect.
Aim for a balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals to maintain overall health.
Avoid excessive intake of salt as it may exacerbate fluid and electrolyte imbalances associated with Mannitol use.
Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended.
Frequently asked questions
Can Mannitol lead to dependency or addiction?
No, Mannitol does not cause dependency or addiction. It is a type of sugar alcohol used as a medication and does not have habit-forming properties.
Is there any natural alternative to Mannitol?
Mannitol is a medically used osmotic agent which any natural alternatives cannot replace. Your doctor should manage any changes or substitutions in your medication.
Does Mannitol affect mood or behaviour?
No, Mannitol does not have any known effects on mood or behaviour. However, if you notice any changes in mood or behaviour while using this medicine, please inform your doctor promptly.
Can Mannitol affect menstruation?
There is no evidence to suggest that Mannitol affects menstruation. If you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle while using this medicine, you should consult your doctor.
Is there any salt similar to Mannitol in its effects?
While there may be other medications with similar effects, each medication has its unique properties and should not be substituted without the advice of a doctor.
Does taking Mannitol require regular medical tests or monitoring?
Yes, while taking Mannitol, monitoring fluid balance, electrolytes, renal function, and neurological status is important to ensure the optimal use of the medicine.
Can Mannitol cause allergies?
Mannitol may cause hypersensitivity reactions in rare cases. If you experience allergic symptoms such as skin rashes, swelling or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical assistance.
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