Metformin + Pioglitazone
Uses of Metformin + Pioglitazone
Metformin + Pioglitazone is primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults and belongs to the class of antidiabetic medicines which includes biguanides and thiazolidinediones.
This combination medication also helps when monotherapy with either medicine alone or dual therapy with metformin and a sulphonylurea does not provide adequate glycaemic control.
Side effects of Metformin + Pioglitazone
Upper respiratory tract infection
Headache
Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
Weight gain
Fluid retention
How Metformin + Pioglitazone works
Metformin + Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic combination.
Metformin belongs to a group of medicines called biguanides. It works by reducing the sugar formed in the liver, decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines, and increasing the body's use of sugar by enhancing its sensitivity to insulin.
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione. It works by turning on a switch, known as PPARγ, that controls how our body uses sugar and fats. This helps increase insulin sensitivity in our muscles and fat tissues and reduces sugar production in our liver.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Metformin + Pioglitazone is available for oral administration as tablets.
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity towards its components and patients with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2).
Other Medications to Avoid
This combination may interact with cationic medications eliminated by renal tubular secretion (such as amiloride, digoxin, morphine), CYP2C8 inhibitors (for example, gemfibrozil), CYP2C8 inducers (like rifampin), and other medications like topiramate.
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose may lead to severe side effects such as lactic acidosis or exacerbation of heart failure. Immediate medical attention is required in such cases.
If you miss a dose of this medication, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
To manage minor nausea or diarrhoea, consider taking this medicine with food.
Staying hydrated can help offset mild dehydration symptoms from diarrhoea.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
This medication should not generally affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience side effects that could impair your ability to perform these tasks safely, such as dizziness or fatigue, avoid these activities until better.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Consult a doctor before using Metformin + Pioglitazone during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be exercised when using this medicine in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, liver disease, heart conditions such as congestive heart failure, and a history of bladder cancer or risk factors for bladder cancer.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Maintain a balanced diet low in simple sugars and high in fibre to help manage blood sugar levels.
Regular physical activity such as brisk walking or swimming for at least 30 minutes most days can enhance glucose control.
Monitor blood sugar levels regularly as directed by your doctor to ensure the medication is effectively managing your condition.
Stay hydrated by drinking sufficient water daily, which can help mitigate some side effects like dehydration from diarrhoea.
Limit consumption of alcohol as it can interfere with blood sugar control and potentially exacerbate medication side effects.
Frequently asked questions
Can Metformin + Pioglitazone cause weight gain?
Yes, one of the common side effects noted is weight gain. This is often due to improved glycaemic control and fluid retention. Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise routine to mitigate this side effect.
Can Metformin + Pioglitazone be used for type 1 diabetes?
No. This combination is specifically formulated to manage type 2 diabetes.
Is there a risk of heart failure with Metformin + Pioglitazone?
Yes, there is a risk of exacerbation of congestive heart failure with the use of this medicine, especially in patients with existing heart disease. Therefore, it must be used cautiously in patients with a history of heart disease.
What if I experience serious side effects while taking Metformin + Pioglitazone?
If you experience serious side effects such as lactic acidosis, congestive heart failure exacerbation, macular oedema or bladder cancer symptoms while taking this medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
Can Metformin + Pioglitazone be taken daily?
Your daily dosage of this medicine will be as directed by your doctor.
Can I take other medications while on Metformin + Pioglitazone?
Yes, but inform your doctor about all current medications you are on to avoid potential interactions with other medicines.
Is Metformin + Pioglitazone safe to use in the elderly?
Yes, but it should be used with caution in elderly patients due to the increased risk of side effects. Regular monitoring of renal function, liver enzymes, and haematological parameters is recommended.
Metformin + Pioglitazone in other salts
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