Morphine

Dosage Forms Available

• Morphine is available in oral dosage forms, including immediate-release tablets and solutions, designed to offer quick pain relief. Extended-release tablets and capsules of Morphine provide prolonged pain relief over a specific period.
• Morphine injectable solutions are used for intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration, depending on the immediate need for pain management.
• For rectal administration, Morphine is also available as a suppository.

Age and Dose Restrictions

• Morphine is meant for use in adults.

Contraindications

• Morphine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Morphine.
• Patients experiencing respiratory depression should not use Morphine.
• Those suffering from acute or severe bronchial asthma are advised against the use of Morphine.
• It is contraindicated in cases of paralytic ileus.
• Patients currently on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) should not use Morphine due to severe interactions.

Other Medications to Avoid

• This medicine may interact with central nervous system depressants (such as benzodiazepines like diazepam and alprazolam), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (including phenelzine and tranylcypromine), mixed agonist/antagonist opioids (such as pentazocine and nalbuphine), muscle relaxants (including baclofen and diazepam), and cimetidine (a medication used to treat heartburn and peptic ulcers).

Overdose and Missed Dose

• An overdose of Morphine can lead to severe respiratory depression, stupor or coma, muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, bradycardia, and hypotension. Immediate medical attention is required in the event of an overdose.
• If you miss a dose of Morphine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.

• To manage nausea that may occur during treatment, try taking Morphine with food or adjust the timing of your dose after consulting with your doctor.
• For constipation, increase your intake of dietary fibre and fluids unless advised otherwise.
• Establishing a regular sleeping schedule could aid in managing sleep disturbances caused by Morphine.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Morphine may impair your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. It is advisable to avoid engaging in such activities if you experience dizziness or sedation after taking this medicine.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• You must consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Patients with head injuries or increased intracranial pressure should use Morphine with caution.
• Those with hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, prostatic hyperplasia, or urethral stricture need careful monitoring.
• Caution is also advised for patients with hepatic or renal impairment as well as the elderly or debilitated patients.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Patients on Morphine therapy should consider dietary adjustments to manage constipation commonly associated with opioid use; including a diet high in fibre such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water can help ease some digestive side effects.
• Engaging in light physical activity as tolerated can also encourage gastrointestinal motility.
• It is crucial to avoid alcohol consumption while on Morphine therapy due to the increased risk of significant sedation and respiratory depression.