Palonosetron
Uses of Palonosetron
Palonosetron is primarily used to prevent and manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. It belongs to the class of antiemetic medications known as serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists.
Side effects of Palonosetron
Headache
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Dizziness
Fatigue
How Palonosetron works
Palonosetron falls under the category of antiemetic medications specifically known as serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists.
It operates by blocking the activity of serotonin, a chemical messenger in the body that can trigger feelings of nausea and vomiting. This action is specifically targeted at certain receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract known as 5-HT3 receptors. By preventing serotonin from activating these receptors, Palonosetron effectively helps to manage symptoms of nausea and vomiting brought on by factors such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Palonosetron is available for use via the intravenous route (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is intended for use by adults and children over 1 month of age.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Palonosetron.
Other Medications to Avoid
Palonosetron may interact with other serotonergic medicines such as Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (like fluoxetine and sertraline), Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (such as desvenlafaxine and duloxetine), and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (such as selegiline and phenelzine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Palonosetron may lead to signs of serotonin syndrome or other serious health problems. In such cases, it is crucial to consult a doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of this medication, take it as soon as you remember. However, do not double your dose if it is time for your next scheduled dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
To manage constipation caused by Palonosetron, increase fluid intake and add more fibre-rich foods to your diet.
For managing dizziness or fatigue, avoid sudden movements or standing up quickly from a sitting or lying position.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Palonosetron may cause dizziness in some patients. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while on this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Caution is advised regarding the use of Palonosetron during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Therefore, it is advised to consult your doctor for advice before using this medicine.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions should exercise caution while taking Palonosetron.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Maintain adequate hydration to prevent dehydration caused by vomiting.
Eat small, frequent meals instead of large meals to manage nausea.
Limit consumption of fatty, spicy, and hard-to-digest foods as they may worsen nausea and vomiting.
Avoid strong odours or smells that can trigger nausea.
Frequently asked questions
What is the half-life of Palonosetron?
The half-life of Palonosetron, which refers to the time taken for the body to eliminate half the administered dosage, is approximately 40 hours. This means it takes around 40 hours for half of the medicine to be cleared from the body.
How long does it take for Palonosetron to start working?
Palonosetron starts working soon after administration, ideally within 30 minutes before chemotherapy or anaesthesia induction to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Does Palonosetron affect mood or emotions?
While Palonosetron is not typically associated with mood changes, it acts on serotonin receptors in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in various functions, including mood regulation. However, its primary use is to manage nausea and vomiting. If you experience significant mood changes while taking this medicine, consult your doctor promptly.
Is there a vegetarian or vegan alternative to Palonosetron?
The formulation of Palonosetron may vary by manufacturer; one should consult with their pharmacist or doctor for details on specific formulations.
Can Palonosetron cause dependency?
No, Palonosetron is not known to cause dependency. It is a serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist used mainly for managing nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.
Does Palonosetron have any effect on appetite?
Palonosetron does not directly affect appetite. However, by controlling nausea and vomiting, it may help patients feel more comfortable eating.
Is Palonosetron a prescription medicine or can it be bought over the counter?
Palonosetron is a prescription medicine and it is not available over the counter. It should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
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