Ampicillin

Dosage Forms Available

• Ampicillin is available in various dosage forms for different routes of administration. These can be administered orally through capsules, tablets, and chewable tablets and also available in powder form for the preparation of solutions for injection.

• The injectable form of Ampicillin can be administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV), depending on the severity of the infection and as advised by the doctor.

Age and Dose Restrictions

• Ampicillin is prescribed to both adults and children, with doses adjusted according to age and severity of infection.

• Children below 1 year of age are generally not given Ampicillin unless it is necessary and under strict medical supervision.

Contraindications

• Ampicillin is contraindicated in patients who are getting treatment for infections caused by penicillinase-producing organisms.

• It is also contraindicated in individuals with mononucleosis, as they may experience a rash if they take Ampicillin.

Other Medications to Avoid

• Ampicillin can interact with certain medications, such as allopurinol (used for gout management), which can increase the risk of rash.

• It may also interact with oral contraceptives (such as ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel), potentially reducing their effectiveness. Certain anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin and apixaban) may have increased effects when taken with Ampicillin.

Overdose and Missed Dose

• Overdose of Ampicillin can lead to serious side effects like severe vomiting, persistent diarrhoea, and a severe decrease in the amount of urine. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical help.

• In case of a missed dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the regular dosing schedule. Never double the dose to catch up.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects of Ampicillin are temporary and generally harmless, resolving once the medicine is discontinued. However, if you encounter severe side effects or worsening symptoms, consult your doctor.

• Taking the medication with food can help minimize gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhoea.

• Drinking plenty of fluids can also help alleviate stomach upset and maintain hydration in case of diarrhoea.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Ampicillin does not generally affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, some people may experience dizziness or confusion. If you experience these side effects, avoid driving or operating machinery until you feel normal again.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• Ampicillin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding under the advice of a doctor. However, it should be used with caution, especially near term or while breastfeeding, as it may cross the placenta and be excreted into breast milk.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Caution should be exercised when taking Ampicillin if you have kidney disease, since Ampicillin is primarily excreted through the kidneys.

• Patients with a history of allergies, especially to penicillins or cephalosporins, should use Ampicillin with caution.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Maintaining proper hygiene can help prevent the spread of bacterial infections for which Ampicillin may be prescribed.

• Keeping yourself well-hydrated is crucial when recovering from an infection.

• Regular rest is also important for recovery from bacterial infections and for maintaining general health.

• A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can support immune function and overall health.