Apremilast
Uses of Apremilast
Apremilast is primarily used to manage psoriatic arthritis, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, and mouth ulcers associated with Behcet's disease and belongs to the class of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors.
Other potential uses for Apremilast include the management of other inflammatory conditions, as directed by a doctor. However, these uses are off-label and are not FDA-approved.
Side effects of Apremilast
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Headache
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Fatigue
How Apremilast works
Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor.
It works by blocking the action of PDE4 enzymes in your body. These enzymes break down a substance called cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). When cAMP is broken down, it leads to the production of substances that cause inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). By preventing the breakdown of cAMP, Apremilast reduces the production of these inflammatory substances. This helps reduce inflammation and manage conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, and Behcet's disease.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Apremilast can be taken orally (tablet).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is typically prescribed for adults aged 18 and above.
Contraindications
Apremilast is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to this medicine or any of its components. Patients should inform their doctor about any previous allergic reactions to this medicine or similar medicines.
Other Medications to Avoid
Apremilast may interact with strong CYP3A4 inducers (such as rifampin and phenobarbital) and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as ketoconazole and ritonavir).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Apremilast can cause severe side effects such as diarrhoea, nausea, headache, and fatigue. If you suspect an overdose, contact your doctor immediately for medical attention.
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double your dose to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For managing nausea or vomiting, it may help to take Apremilast with food.
Drinking plenty of fluids can help manage diarrhoea.
Regular rest may help in managing fatigue caused by the medicine.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Apremilast might cause dizziness or visual disturbances in some patients. If you experience such symptoms, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is advised to consult a doctor before using this medicine during these periods.
Caution in Other Conditions
Apremilast should be used with caution in patients having a history of depression, suicidal thoughts, severe renal impairment, or underweight status.
Patients with these conditions may need close monitoring and dose adjustments while taking this medicine.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Avoid exposure to sunlight or UV light, as it may exacerbate symptoms of psoriasis.
Stay well hydrated, especially if you suffer from chronic diarrhoea. Drinking plenty of water can help prevent dehydration.
Stress management techniques like meditation or yoga may help manage the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
Frequently asked questions
Is Apremilast a steroid?
No, Apremilast is not a steroid. It is an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor used for managing certain conditions such as psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Does Apremilast have any impact on sleep?
Apremilast is not directly associated with affecting sleep. However, everyone responds differently to medicine and it is possible for some individuals to experience changes in sleep patterns. If you notice any such changes, consult your doctor.
Will Apremilast affect fertility?
Apremilast is not directly associated with affecting human fertility. If you have concerns about fertility or are planning to become pregnant, discuss this with your doctor.
Is it safe to take Apremilast daily?
The safety of daily use of Apremilast depends on the individual's health condition and the prescribed dosage. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions regarding how often and how much medicine to take.
How much time does Apremilast take to work?
The time it takes for Apremilast to work can vary depending on the individual and the condition being managed. It's important to remember that patience is key when starting a new medication and it may take several weeks before you begin to see improvement.
What is the best time to take Apremilast?
Apremilast can be taken at any time of the day, with or without food. However, your doctor may give specific instructions on when to take the medication based on your individual health condition and the prescribed dosage.
Does Apremilast cause weight loss?
Yes, one of the side effects of Apremilast can be weight loss. Patients taking this medicine should have their weight monitored regularly by their doctor.
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