Fluorouracil
Uses of Fluorouracil
Fluorouracil is primarily used to manage various types of cancer, such as those of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach, and pancreas. It falls under the category of anti-cancer medications known as antimetabolites.
Additionally, it may also be used off-label to manage other types of cancer, as decided by a doctor.
Side effects of Fluorouracil
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhoea
Loss of appetite
Mouth sores
Hair loss
How Fluorouracil works
Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite, a specialised category of anticancer medicines.
It operates by infiltrating the fast-growing cancer cells and disrupting their growth. This medicine mimics the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material inside every cell. Once inside the cell, it gets incorporated into the DNA and RNA instead of normal components. This causes errors in the genetic material, leading to cell death. In addition, it also directly blocks an enzyme needed for DNA production. Both these actions result in impairing the replication and survival of cancer cells. Consequently, this medicine manages to slow down or halt the expansion of cancer cells, eventually causing them to die off.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Fluorouracil is administered via intravenous (bolus, infusion) and topical (cream and solution) routes.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- Fluorouracil is meant for adult use only.
Contraindications
- Fluorouracil is contraindicated in patients with known allergies to the medicine itself or its components. It should not be used by patients with serious infections, severe bone marrow suppression, or a known DPD enzyme deficiency.
Other Medications to Avoid
- Fluorouracil can interact with other chemotherapy medicines (e.g., methotrexate, capecitabine), blood thinners (e.g., warfarin, jantoven), anti-seizure medicines (e.g, phenytoin, carbamazepine) and acid reflux medications (e.g., cimetidine, ranitidine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Fluorouracil can lead to severe symptoms of toxicity such as excessive vomiting, diarrhoea, mouth sores, fever, and bleeding. Immediate medical attention is required in case of an overdose.
- If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. However, avoid doubling doses to make up for a missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- Drinking plenty of fluids can help manage side effects like nausea and vomiting.
- Rest and avoid strenuous activities if you experience fatigue due to the medication.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- Fluorouracil may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you feel these effects after taking the medicine.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- Fluorouracil can harm an unborn baby, so it should not be used during pregnancy. Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medication. Consult your doctor before using this medicine during breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
- Patients with heart, kidney or liver disease should exercise caution when taking Fluorouracil.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, as Fluorouracil can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.
Frequently asked questions
Does Fluorouracil cause any mood changes?
No specific information is available on whether Fluorouracil can cause mood changes. However, if you experience any unusual emotional responses while on this medication, please consult your doctor.
Can Fluorouracil be used for skin cancers?
While the primary uses of Fluorouracil are for the treatment of various internal cancers, cream and topical solutions can be used to treat a type of skin cancer called superficial basal cell carcinoma.
What happens if I accidentally freeze the Fluorouracil injection?
Fluorouracil injections should not be frozen. If this occurs, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist for advice on whether it can still be used.
Is Fluorouracil a vegetarian medication?
Fluorouracil is a chemically synthesised medication. It does not contain any animal-derived ingredients; however, you should always check with the manufacturer or your doctor to confirm this.
Is sun exposure safe while taking Fluorouracil?
Patients are generally advised to avoid excessive sun exposure while on Fluorouracil treatment as this can exacerbate certain side effects like skin rashes.
Is it safe to take Fluorouracil daily?
Yes, but only when prescribed by a doctor. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the type of cancer being managed amongst other factors such as patient's body size and overall health.
Is Fluorouracil a steroid?
No, Fluorouracil is not a steroid. It is an anticancer medicine which belongs to a group of medications known as antimetabolites.
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