Hydrochlorothiazide
Uses of Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily used to manage high blood pressure and belongs to the thiazide class of diuretics.
It is also indicated for the management of fluid retention (edoema) related to heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. In certain cases, Hydrochlorothiazide can be used to manage diabetes insipidus and prevent calcium-containing kidney stones in patients with hypercalciuria.
Side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Headache
Fatigue
Muscle cramps
Increased urination
How Hydrochlorothiazide works
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the category of medicines known as thiazide diuretics.
This medicine primarily works by increasing the amount of salt and water expelled from the body. Specifically, it acts on the kidneys to prevent the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the tubules. This action leads to an increased output of these electrolytes, along with water, in urine.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Hydrochlorothiazide can be taken orally (tablets and capsules).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for adults and children over 12 years of age.
Contraindications
Hydrochlorothiazide is contraindicated in patients with known allergies to thiazides or other sulfonamide-derived medicines.
It is also contraindicated in patients with anuria (lack of urine) and those with severe kidney disease.
Other Medications to Avoid
This medicine may interact with digitalis glycosides (such as digoxin), antipsychotics (lithium), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (such as ibuprofen and naproxen), and antidiabetic agents (such as insulin and glimepiride).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Hydrochlorothiazide can cause symptoms such as nausea, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, thirst, and muscle pain or cramps. If you suspect an overdose, you should seek medical attention immediately.
If a dose of this medicine is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. If it is near the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up the dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Try to get up slowly from a sitting or lying position to manage dizziness or lightheadedness.
Try to take your dose early in the day to avoid disrupting your sleep pattern.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Hydrochlorothiazide may cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some people. Therefore, caution should be exercised when driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Hydrochlorothiazide should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed and prescribed by a doctor. It is known to pass into breast milk, so a doctor should be consulted before breastfeeding while taking this medication.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with liver disease, kidney disease, or gout should use Hydrochlorothiazide with caution. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function tests may be necessary for these patients.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Opt for a low-sodium diet to manage high blood pressure.
Avoid alcohol, high-sugar foods, and grapefruit juice.
Frequently asked questions
How quickly does Hydrochlorothiazide start to work?
Hydrochlorothiazide starts to work approximately 2 hours after it is taken orally, with peak effects being observed within 4 hours. Its effects usually last for about 6-12 hours.
Can Hydrochlorothiazide cause dehydration?
Yes, Hydrochlorothiazide can cause dehydration because it increases the amount of salt and water expelled from your body. However, consult your doctor immediately.
Is Hydrochlorothiazide safe for long-term use?
Generally, Hydrochlorothiazide is considered safe for long-term use when taken as directed by a doctor.
Can Hydrochlorothiazide affect my mood or sleep?
Hydrochlorothiazide does not directly affect mood or sleep. it is best to discuss this with your doctor.
Will Hydrochlorothiazide affect fertility?
Hydrochlorothiazide does not affect fertility in men or women. However, if you have concerns about fertility, it is best to discuss this with your doctor.
Do I need to monitor any specific health parameters while taking Hydrochlorothiazide?
Yes, regular monitoring of blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and kidney function is recommended while taking Hydrochlorothiazide.
Does Hydrochlorothiazide have a shelf life?
Yes, like all medicines, Hydrochlorothiazide does have a shelf life. The expiry date is usually printed on the medicine box or bottle.
Hydrochlorothiazide in other salts
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