Hydroxyurea
Uses of Hydroxyurea
Hydroxyurea is primarily used for the management of certain types of cancer and sickle cell anaemia. It is part of the antimetabolite and chemotherapeutic class of medicines.
It is also used off-label for several conditions, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorders like polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, cervical cancer, melanoma, and ovarian cancer.
Side effects of Hydroxyurea
Low blood cell counts (neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia)
Hair loss
Skin darkening or nail changes
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation
Loss of appetite
How Hydroxyurea works
Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite chemotherapy medicine.
In the management of cancer, it functions by inhibiting an enzyme named ribonucleotide reductase. This intervention blocks the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which effectively prevents the rapid multiplication of cancer cells.
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Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
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Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Hydroxyurea is available for use orally in the form of capsules, tablets, or oral solutions.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Hydroxyurea is primarily meant for adults, and children aged 2 and older.
Contraindications
Hydroxyurea is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or any of its components.
It is also contraindicated in patients with severe bone marrow depression or those with low platelet counts.
Other Medications to Avoid
Hydroxyurea may interact with antiretroviral agents (such as didanosine and stavudine) and other myelosuppressive medicines (such as melphalan).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Hydroxyurea can potentially lead to severe health complications, such as severe bone marrow suppression. Immediate medical attention is required in such cases.
If you miss a dose of Hydroxyurea, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally resolve when the medication is discontinued. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For side effects like nausea or vomiting, try taking the medicine with food.
If you experience constipation, drinking plenty of water and increasing dietary fibre can help.
Skin darkening can be managed by limiting sun exposure and using sunscreen when outdoors.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Hydroxyurea may cause dizziness or fatigue. It's advisable to refrain from driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience these side effects.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Hydroxyurea is not recommended for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential risks to the foetus and infant. Consult your doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be exercised when using Hydroxyurea in patients with kidney impairment, liver disease, or HIV infection, as it can potentially affect the effectiveness of the medication and increase the risk of adverse reactions.
Patients with a history of bone marrow suppression should also exercise caution while using this medicine.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Avoid exposure to infections, as Hydroxyurea may lower your immune response.
Practise safe sex and use effective contraception, as Hydroxyurea can harm an unborn baby.
Frequently asked questions
Will Hydroxyurea affect fertility?
Hydroxyurea may potentially affect fertility in both men and women. Therefore, if you are planning to have a child, consult your doctor before starting this medication.
Can Hydroxyurea be taken by vegetarians or vegans?
Yes, Hydroxyurea is suited for both vegetarians and vegans. However, if you have specific dietary concerns, do consult your doctor before starting this medication.
Is it safe to take Hydroxyurea daily?
Hydroxyurea can be taken daily as per your doctor's instructions. It is important to follow your doctor's prescription closely to safely manage the condition being treated.
How much time does Hydroxyurea take to work?
The time it takes for Hydroxyurea to work can depend on several factors, including the condition being treated and the patient's overall health status. For sickle cell anaemia, improvements may be seen in a few months.
Can Hydroxyurea cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms?
Hydroxyurea is not known to cause dependence or withdrawal symptoms.
Does Hydroxyurea cause changes in appetite?
Some patients may experience a loss of appetite while taking Hydroxyurea. If such changes are significant or cause distress, it would be advisable to consult your doctor.
Can Hydroxyurea cause hair loss?
Yes, one of the side effects of Hydroxyurea can be hair loss. This is not experienced by everyone and varies from person to person.
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