Ketorolac
Uses of Ketorolac
- Ketorolac is used to relieve moderately severe pain, particularly after surgeries or painful procedures. It is also effective in managing conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual disorders, and headaches.
- Additionally, Ketorolac eye drops are used following corneal refractive surgery to reduce inflammation and alleviate eye pain.
Side effects of Ketorolac
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Headache
Dizziness
Altered kidney function tests
How Ketorolac works
Ketorolac belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory class of medicine.
It works by blocking certain substances in the body called cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes help produce prostaglandins, which cause pain and inflammation.
By inhibiting these enzymes, Ketorolac reduces the formation of prostaglandins, thereby decreasing pain and inflammation. Its effects are thought to occur both in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and in peripheral tissues (other parts of the body). Some prostaglandins also cause fever, and by reducing their production, Ketorolac can help lower fever too.
Certified content
Written By
MD Ayurveda
Reviewed By
BAMS, APG, PG
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Ketorolac can be taken orally (tablet), intravenously or intramuscularly (injection), and topically (eye drops and gel).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Ketorolac is primarily intended for use in adult patients.
Contraindications
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to this medicine or any other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines.
It is also contraindicated in those with active peptic ulcers or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and those with severe kidney disease or at risk of kidney failure due to fluid loss.
Other Medications to Avoid
Ketorolac can interact with blood thinners (eg., warfarin and heparin), other NSAIDs (eg., aspirin and ibuprofen), antihypertensives (eg., lisinopril and valsartan), and diuretics (eg., furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Ketorolac can lead to symptoms like stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, or even loss of consciousness. In such cases, immediate medical attention is required.
If you miss a dose of Ketorolac, take it as soon as you remember. If it is time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume with the regular dosing regime. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of water can help manage some side effects like dry mouth or slight dehydration.
Taking it with food may provide relief to your upset stomach.
Avoid lying down for at least 10-15 minutes after taking the medicine to prevent heartburn.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
This medication may interfere with your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Do not drive or operate heavy machines if you feel dizziness or drowsiness after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Ketorolac should only be used during pregnancy or while breastfeeding if the potential benefits outweigh the possible risks. Always consult your doctor before starting this medication if you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with liver disease or a history of heart disease should use Ketorolac with caution.
It should also be used carefully in patients with high blood pressure or asthma.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids throughout the day. This can also help alleviate some side effects like dry mouth.
Frequently asked questions
Is Ketorolac a steroid?
No, Ketorolac is not a steroid. It belongs to a class of medications known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Does Ketorolac have a ceiling effect?
Yes, Ketorolac, like other NSAIDs, has a 'ceiling effect,' meaning higher doses won't improve pain relief further and may increase side effects.
Will taking Ketorolac alter my mood?
Ketorolac is not known to have any direct impact on mood. If you find any mood changes that affect your lifestyle, consult your doctor.
How long does the effect of Ketorolac last?
The duration of effect for Ketorolac can vary based on individual factors and the route of administration, but generally, its analgesic effects are expected to last for about 4-6 hours.
Is there a risk of addiction to Ketorolac use?
Unlike opioids, there's no risk of addiction or dependence associated with the use of Ketorolac. However, it is intended for short-term use only and should not be used for more than 5 days due to potential side effects.
Could Ketorolac affect menstruation?
There is no evidence to suggest that Ketorolac specifically affects the menstrual cycle. However, NSAIDs as a class can potentially interfere with ovulation, which might affect the menstrual cycle. If you notice any changes in your periods, consult your doctor.
Are there any natural alternatives to Ketorolac?
While there could be natural alternatives that may help manage pain and inflammation, none can replace the potency and efficacy of Ketorolac. It's important to discuss any alternative treatments with your doctor before making any changes to your medication regimen.
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