Nitazoxanide
Uses of Nitazoxanide
Nitazoxanide is primarily used to manage diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia infections of the gastrointestinal tract and falls under the group of broad-spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral medicines.
In addition, Nitazoxanide is also used to manage various other parasitic worm infestations. It has been proven effective against a wide range of parasites, protozoa, anaerobic bacteria, and viruses affecting the intestines.
Side effects of Nitazoxanide
Abdominal pain
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Urine discolouration
How Nitazoxanide works
Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral medication.
It works by inhibiting an enzyme called pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR). This enzyme is essential for the energy metabolism of certain parasites and viruses. When Nitazoxanide inhibits this enzyme, it disrupts the energy processes of these organisms. Additionally, Nitazoxanide damages the cell membranes of parasite cells, compromising their structural integrity and leading to their destruction. In this way, Nitazoxanide demonstrates its antiprotozoal, antihelminthic, and antiviral properties, helping to manage a variety of parasitic and viral infections.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Nitazoxanide can be taken orally (tablet or suspension).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Nitazoxanide can be given to adults, and children aged 1 year and above.
Contraindications
Nitazoxanide is contraindicated in patients who have a known hypersensitivity to any of the components in its formulation.
Other Medications to Avoid
Nitazoxanide may interact with medicines that are highly plasma protein-bound (like warfarin and phenytoin), anti-diabetic medicines (like sulfonylureas), and immunosuppressants (such as tacrolimus).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Nitazoxanide may lead to persistent gastrointestinal disturbances and neurological effects. Immediate medical attention is warranted in case of overdose.
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it is close to the timing of the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule should be resumed.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor. Here are some tips that could help manage milder side effects:
For headaches, try resting and sipping water.
Try taking this medicine with or after a meal or snack for nausea.
For abdominal pain or diarrhoea, drink plenty of fluids to replace any loss through diarrhoea.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Nitazoxanide may cause dizziness. If you feel dizzy after taking this medicine, do not drive or use any tools or machines until you feel better.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Nitazoxanide should only be used in pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus. Consult your doctor before using during breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be exercised when administering Nitazoxanide to patients with hepatic (liver) or renal (kidney) impairment.
Dose adjustment may be necessary for these patients.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Stay hydrated, especially if you are experiencing diarrhoea.
Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly, particularly before eating and after using the toilet, to prevent spreading parasitic infections.
Regularly clean bathrooms and kitchens, as these are places where parasites can survive.
Frequently asked questions
Is Nitazoxanide a steroid?
No, Nitazoxanide is not a steroid. It is an antiparasitic and antiviral medication that belongs to the thiazolide class.
Does Nitazoxanide have any effect on sleep?
If you experience any unusual sleep changes after taking this medicine, you should consult your doctor.
Will Nitazoxanide affect fertility?
If you have concerns about this, you should discuss them with your doctor.
Is it safe to take Nitazoxanide daily?
Nitazoxanide is typically safe to take daily for the duration prescribed by your doctor. Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless advised by your doctor.
How much time does Nitazoxanide take to work?
The exact time can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the infection. Consult your doctor for more specific information.
What is the best time to take Nitazoxanide?
Nitazoxanide can be taken at any time of the day, but it is generally recommended to take it at the same time each day for consistency. Always take it with food.
Is Nitazoxanide addictive?
No, Nitazoxanide is not considered an addictive medicine.
Nitazoxanide in other salts
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