Tofacitinib
Uses of Tofacitinib
- The primary use of Tofacitinib is to manage symptoms and slow the progression of certain inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. This medicine belongs to the class of medicines known as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.
- Tofacitinib may also be prescribed off-label for other inflammatory conditions at the discretion of the doctor.
Side effects of Tofacitinib
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Headache
- Diarrhoea
- Nasopharyngitis
- Increased blood cholesterol levels
How Tofacitinib works
- Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor.
- It operates by selectively blocking the enzymes known as Janus kinases, particularly JAK1 and JAK3. These enzymes are located inside cells and are responsible for sending signals from certain proteins (cytokines and growth factors) that play a key role in inflammation.
- When Tofacitinib inhibits these Janus kinases, it disrupts the signalling pathways that lead to inflammation in the body.
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Expert Advice
Dosage forms available
- Tofacitinib can be taken orally (tablets and extended-release tablets).
Age and dose restrictions
- Tofacitinib is intended for use in adults only.
Contraindications
- Tofacitinib is contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment or certain blood disorders characterised by low lymphocyte count, low haemoglobin levels, or low neutrophil count. It is also contraindicated in patients with active, serious infections.
Other medications to avoid
- Tofacitinib may interact with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 enzymes (such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, rifampin, and clarithromycin).
Overdose and missed dose
- Overdosing on Tofacitinib could potentially lead to severe side effects or complications. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
- In case you miss a dose of Tofacitinib, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule.
Management of side effects
- Most side effects are temporary and typically resolve once the medication is discontinued. However, if you experience severe side effects or worsening symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.
- Drinking plenty of water may help manage some side effects such as diarrhoea or nausea. It can also help keep you hydrated if you experience fever or excessive sweating due to an infection.
Use in driving and operating machinery
- Tofacitinib may cause dizziness or fatigue in some individuals. If you experience these side effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you feel alert and well enough to do so safely.
Use in pregnancy and lactation
- This medicine is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless recommended by your doctor. Consult your doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Caution in other conditions
- Patients with kidney disease or mild to moderate liver impairment should be cautious when taking Tofacitinib, as this medication is metabolised by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Your doctor may need to adjust your dosage accordingly.
Special dietary and lifestyle recommendations
- Regular hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have infections can reduce the risk of catching infections while on this medication, as Tofacitinib can potentially lower your body's ability to fight off infections.
- Regular check-ups and blood tests as advised by your doctor are vital for monitoring your response to treatment and any potential side effects.
Frequently asked questions
Is Tofacitinib a steroid?
No, Tofacitinib is not a steroid. It belongs to a group of medicines known as Janus Kinase Inhibitors (JAK inhibitors).
Does Tofacitinib affect sleep?
Tofacitinib may cause fatigue in some patients, which could potentially affect your sleep. However, it is not widely reported to directly influence sleep patterns.
Will Tofacitinib affect fertility?
Tofacitinib is not directly associated with affecting human fertility. If you have concerns about this, please consult your doctor.
Can Tofacitinib cause weight gain?
Individual responses may vary and any significant changes should be discussed with your doctor.
Is it safe to take Tofacitinib daily?
Yes, it is safe to take Tofacitinib daily as long as it is prescribed by your doctor. Do not alter or stop your dosage without consulting your doctor.
How much time does Tofacitinib take to work?
Patients may start noticing improvements in their symptoms within the first 2-4 weeks of starting Tofacitinib.
What is the best time to take Tofacitinib?
Tofacitinib can be taken at any time of the day, with or without food. However, it is recommended to take it around the same time each day for best results.
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