Nutritional Deficiencies

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient vitamin A, leading to various health issues. This essential nutrient is crucial for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health. The deficiency can result from a diet low in vitamin A or from absorption or liver disorders. Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, dry skin, increased susceptibility to infections, and in severe cases, corneal ulcers and blindness.

Hypercalcemia is a medical condition characterised by elevated levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, including overactive parathyroid glands, certain cancers and vitamin D toxicity. Symptoms of hypercalcemia range from mild to severe and may include abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, fatigue, and excessive thirst and urination.

Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterised by low calcium levels in the blood serum. It can be caused by various factors and may lead to a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Treatment typically involves calcium supplements, vitamin D, and magnesium sulfate, and may require hospitalisation in severe cases.

Iodine deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient iodine, a crucial element necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. This deficiency can lead to various health issues, ranging from mild to severe, affecting both adults and children. Symptoms of iodine deficiency include swelling in the neck, weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, dry skin, feeling cold, slow heart rate, and learning and memory difficulties.

Iron-deficiency anaemia is a common condition characterised by insufficient iron levels in the body, leading to a decrease in the production of haemoglobin. This can result in various symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically involves increasing iron intake through diet, supplements, or, in severe cases, intravenous iron therapy.

Magnesium deficiency, or hypomagnesaemia, is a condition where the body's magnesium levels fall below normal. This essential mineral plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, and its deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms. Magnesium deficiency can be caused by inadequate dietary intake, excessive loss of magnesium through the kidneys or intestines, or certain medical conditions.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient vitamin B12, an essential nutrient crucial for red blood cell production, nerve function, and DNA synthesis. This deficiency can result from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption issues, or increased requirements due to certain medical conditions or life stages. Left untreated, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to various health problems, including anaemia, nerve damage, and cognitive impairment.

Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent health condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient amounts of vitamin D. It can lead to various symptoms, including muscle pain, bone pain, fatigue, and mood changes. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D through sun exposure, diet, and supplements is crucial for overall health and well-being.