Respiratory

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease characterised by scarring and thickening of the lung tissue, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly. It leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent cough, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Early identification and management are essential to slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life for those affected.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that causes breathing difficulties due to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent cough, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, and frequent lung infections. While COPD is incurable, treatments can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Pneumonia is a serious lung infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to inflammation and fluid buildup in the air sacs. It can affect people of all ages and range from mild to severe, with symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection and may include antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungal medications.

Sinusitis, or sinus infection, is a common condition characterised by inflammation of the sinuses. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or allergies, leading to symptoms such as facial pain, nasal congestion, and headaches. Sinusitis is classified into various types based on the duration and cause of the condition.

Bronchitis is a common respiratory condition characterised by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing cough and mucus production. It can be acute, lasting a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for several months. Bronchitis affects the respiratory system and overall health, potentially leading to complications if left untreated.

The common cold, also known as acute rhinitis, is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that affects the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. It is one of the most frequent illnesses in humans, causing symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, coughing, headache, and fatigue. While there is no cure for the common cold, rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms and support recovery.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus, leading to severe respiratory and digestive problems. It is an inherited condition caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, typically diagnosed in childhood but sometimes not until adulthood. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but potentially spreads to other parts of the body. Tuberculosis is contagious and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It remains a significant global health issue, especially among individuals with weakened immune systems.