Polymyxin B
Uses of Polymyxin B
Polymyxin B is primarily used to manage severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, especially when other antibiotics are ineffective. It belongs to a group of medications known as cyclic polypeptides.
In addition, Polymyxin B may also be used prophylactically to prevent infection in high-risk patients undergoing certain surgeries or medical procedures.
Side effects of Polymyxin B
Injection site reactions such as pain, swelling, and redness
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Dizziness and vertigo
Skin rash and itching
How Polymyxin B works
Polymyxin B is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic.
It works by binding to the lipopolysaccharide component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
This disrupts the integrity and permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing leakage of cell contents, which ultimately leads to cell death.
Polymyxin B also potentially neutralizes the toxic effects of the lipopolysaccharide (commonly known as endotoxin).
Therefore, Polymyxin B effectively kills bacteria, making it a bactericidal medicine.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Polymyxin B is available for use as intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and intrathecal injections.
- It is also available in topical forms such as ointment, cream, and powder for application to the skin or eyes.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- Polymyxin B can be administered to adults and children. Special caution is advised for use in children under 2 years of age due to the increased risk of side effects.
Contraindications
- Polymyxin B is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Polymyxin B or other polymyxins.
- It should not be used in patients with myasthenia gravis due to the risk of exacerbated muscle weakness.
Other Medications to Avoid
- Polymyxin B may interact with aminoglycoside antibiotics (such as gentamicin and amikacin), neuromuscular blocking agents (such as vecuronium and rocuronium), and diuretics (such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide).
Overdose and Missed Dose
- An overdose of Polymyxin B may lead to serious complications like nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nerve damage). If you suspect an overdose, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
- If you miss a dose of Polymyxin B, administer it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not administer two doses at once.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve after discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
- To manage gastrointestinal upset, try taking the medication with or after food.
- Stay well hydrated to help manage any kidney-related side effects.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
- Polymyxin B may cause dizziness or drowsiness. You should avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- The safety of Polymyxin B during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. It is essential to consult your doctor before using this medication if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
- Polymyxin B should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease and neurological conditions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
- Maintain adequate hydration throughout treatment with Polymyxin B to help reduce the risk of kidney damage.
- Monitor salt intake, especially if you have hypertension or kidney disease, as electrolyte imbalances can be exacerbated by kidney stress.
- Engage in gentle exercise like walking, which can help maintain overall health without overstraining the body during treatment.
- Ensure consistent sleep patterns to help mitigate potential neurological side effects like dizziness or vertigo.
Frequently asked questions
What is Polymyxin B used for?
Polymyxin B is predominantly used for managing serious bacterial infections that do not respond to other antibiotics. It belongs to a group of medications known as cyclic polypeptides and primarily targets gram-negative bacteria.
Can Polymyxin B cause an allergic reaction?
Yes, Polymyxin B can cause an allergic reaction in some individuals. If you experience symptoms such as itching, rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face after using Polymyxin B, you need to seek immediate medical help.
Can Polymyxin B be used for prophylaxis of infections?
Yes, Polymyxin B can be used prophylactically in high-risk patients undergoing certain surgeries or medical procedures to prevent the onset of infections.
Is Polymyxin B effective against all types of bacteria?
No, Polymyxin B is specifically effective against gram-negative bacteria. It does not work against gram-positive bacteria like MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Does Polymyxin B interact with other medications?
Yes, Polymyxin B may interact with certain medicines. Therefore, always disclose all medications you are taking to your doctor before starting therapy with Polymyxin B.
How long does it take for Polymyxin B to start working?
The time Polymyxin B takes to work depends on the type and severity of the infection. Consult your doctor about when to expect an improvement in your symptoms.
Is Polymycin B available without a prescription?
No, Polymycin B is not available over the counter and requires a prescription from a doctor.
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