Sumatriptan
Uses of Sumatriptan
The main use of Sumatriptan is for the acute management of migraine with or without aura and cluster headaches in adults. It belongs to the class of medicines called selective serotonin receptor agonists.
Additionally, Sumatriptan is used to manage severe, throbbing headaches that may occur on one side of the head, often accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision (migraine attacks).
Side effects of Sumatriptan
Injection site reactions
Tingling sensation
Warm or hot sensation
Nausea and vomiting
A feeling of tightness in the chest, neck, jaw or throat
How Sumatriptan works
Sumatriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist.
It acts by constricting the widened blood vessels in the brain, which is a common occurrence during a migraine or cluster headache. Sumatriptan also blocks the release of certain inflammatory substances such as CGRP, substance P, and neurokinin A from the nerve terminals of the trigeminal nerve. This helps in reducing inflammation. Further, it obstructs the transmission of pain signals via the trigeminal nerve pathway to the brain. By working on these three levels - vascular, inflammatory, and neuronal - Sumatriptan effectively manages the pain and associated symptoms of migraine and cluster headaches.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Sumatriptan can be taken orally (tablet), administered nasally (nasal spray), or given subcutaneously (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Sumatriptan is intended for use in adults aged 18 and above.
Contraindications
Sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the medication. It should not be given to patients with ischemic heart disease, coronary artery vasospasm, or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Patients with a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, hemiplegic or basilar migraine, peripheral vascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension should also avoid this medicine.
Other Medications to Avoid
Sumatriptan can interact with ergot-containing medicines (such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine), MAO-A inhibitors (like selegiline and moclobemide) and other 5-HT1 receptor agonists (such as rizatriptan and zolmitriptan).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Sumatriptan can lead to symptoms such as tremors, lack of coordination, vision loss, dilated pupils, and sedation. If you notice these symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
To manage feelings of dizziness or drowsiness, try taking the medication at night or just before bed.
Drinking plenty of water can help reduce the feeling of dryness in the mouth.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
As Sumatriptan may cause dizziness and drowsiness, it can affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities if you feel unsteady or sleepy after taking this medication.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is recommended to consult your doctor before using Sumatriptan during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with heart problems, high blood pressure, liver disease, or those who have had a stroke should exercise caution when taking Sumatriptan.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regularly practising relaxation techniques such as mindfulness or yoga can help manage stress levels, which is beneficial in controlling migraines.
Frequently asked questions
Is Sumatriptan a steroid?
No, Sumatriptan is not a steroid. It belongs to the class of medicines known as selective serotonin receptor agonists.
Is Sumatriptan available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Sumatriptan usually requires a prescription and is not available over the counter.
Will Sumatriptan affect fertility?
Sumatriptan is not directly associated with affecting fertility in men or women.
Is it safe to take Sumatriptan daily?
Sumatriptan is intended for acute treatment of migraine and cluster headaches and should not be used daily unless advised by your doctor.
How much time does Sumatriptan take to work?
The onset of action of Sumatriptan can vary depending on the formulation. Tablets usually take 2-3 hours to reach peak plasma concentration, whereas nasal spray and injectable forms provide faster relief.
What is the best time to take Sumatriptan?
Sumatriptan should be taken as soon as you notice migraine symptoms or at the onset of a cluster headache.
What is the duration of treatment with Sumatriptan?
The duration of treatment with Sumatriptan depends on the individual patient's condition and their response to treatment.
Sumatriptan in other salts
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