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Phenytoin

Uses of Phenytoin

  • Phenytoin is used for the management of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures (psychomotor or temporal lobe epilepsy). It belongs to a class of medications known as anticonvulsants.

  • In addition, Phenytoin is also indicated for preventing and treating seizures that may occur during or after brain surgery and for managing a specific type of facial nerve pain known as trigeminal neuralgia.

Side effects of Phenytoin

  • Confusion

  • Nausea

  • Loss of coordination

  • Constipation

  • Headache

How Phenytoin works

  • Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medicine.

  • It works by reducing excessive electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. This is accomplished by blocking sodium channels, which are responsible for carrying electrical signals in the brain and throughout the nervous system. By blocking these channels, Phenytoin helps stabilise the electrical signals in the brain, thereby preventing seizures from occurring.

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Written By

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Dr. Michelle FrankMedical Content Writer| 8 years

Doctor of Medicine

Reviewed By

Dr. Chhavi Rosha
Dr. Chhavi Rosha Health & Medical Content Writer| 8 years

BMS, FMC, MD Resident

Expert Advice

Dosage Forms Available

  • Phenytoin is available in several dosage forms for oral use, including extended-release capsules, chewable tablets, and oral suspension.
  • It also comes as an injectable solution for intravenous use.
  • It is important to follow the doctor's instructions on how to take or administer this medicine.

Age and Dose Restrictions

  • Phenytoin is meant for both adults and children.

Contraindications

  • Phenytoin is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to Phenytoin or other hydantoins. It should also not be used by patients suffering from liver disease, low albumin levels, or porphyria.

Other Medications to Avoid

  • Phenytoin may interact with antacids (e.g., aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, rivaroxaban), and certain types of antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine).

Overdose and Missed Dose

  • An overdose of Phenytoin can lead to symptoms like uncontrolled eye movements, loss of balance or coordination, confusion, or slurred speech. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
  • If you miss a dose of Phenytoin, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up on doses to compensate for the missed one.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects of Phenytoin are temporary and should resolve once the medicine is discontinued. However, if you experience severe side effects or if your symptoms worsen, consult your doctor immediately.

  • For mild nausea or an upset stomach, it may help to take your medicine with food or milk.
  • Drinking plenty of water may help manage minor symptoms of nausea or constipation.
  • Taking Phenytoin with or after meals can help minimise gastrointestinal discomfort.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

  • Phenytoin may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or loss of coordination. These side effects could affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. It is recommended to avoid such activities if you experience these symptoms after taking Phenytoin.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

  • Avoid Phenytoin during pregnancy as it may harm the unborn child. The use of Phenytoin during breastfeeding is also not recommended.

Caution in Other Conditions

  • Patients with kidney disease, certain blood disorders (such as porphyria), or lupus should use Phenytoin with caution. Always inform your doctor of any existing health conditions before starting this medication.
  • People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels closely, as Phenytoin can alter blood glucose levels.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

  • Incorporating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can support overall health and contribute to better management of seizures.
  • Regular sleep patterns and avoiding known triggers for seizures (like stress or lack of sleep) can help manage epilepsy alongside medication.
  • Avoid alcohol and recreational substances, as they can increase seizure activity and interfere with the effectiveness of Phenytoin.

Frequently asked questions

No, Phenytoin is not a steroid. It is an anticonvulsant medication used to control certain types of seizures.

Yes, Phenytoin is also used to manage a specific type of nerve pain in the face known as trigeminal neuralgia.

Phenytoin does not typically affect fertility. However, if you are trying to conceive and are taking Phenytoin, you should discuss this with your doctor.

There are no specific diet restrictions while taking Phenytoin. However, maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet can support overall health.

Phenytoin is generally safe to take daily when used as prescribed by a doctor. Do not alter the dosage without consulting your doctor.

The time it takes for Phenytoin to work can vary, but typically it starts to work within a few hours of taking it.

The best time to take Phenytoin is as per the prescription of your doctor, and it should be taken consistently around the same times each day.

Terms & Conditions


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