Phenytoin

Dosage Forms Available

• Phenytoin is available in several dosage forms for oral use, including extended-release capsules, chewable tablets, and oral suspension.
• It also comes as an injectable solution for intravenous use.
• It is important to follow the doctor's instructions on how to take or administer this medicine.

Age and Dose Restrictions

• Phenytoin is meant for both adults and children.

Contraindications

• Phenytoin is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to Phenytoin or other hydantoins. It should also not be used by patients suffering from liver disease, low albumin levels, or porphyria.

Other Medications to Avoid

• Phenytoin may interact with antacids (e.g., aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, rivaroxaban), and certain types of antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine).

Overdose and Missed Dose

• An overdose of Phenytoin can lead to symptoms like uncontrolled eye movements, loss of balance or coordination, confusion, or slurred speech. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
• If you miss a dose of Phenytoin, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double up on doses to compensate for the missed one.

Management of Side Effects

Most side effects of Phenytoin are temporary and should resolve once the medicine is discontinued. However, if you experience severe side effects or if your symptoms worsen, consult your doctor immediately.

• For mild nausea or an upset stomach, it may help to take your medicine with food or milk.
• Drinking plenty of water may help manage minor symptoms of nausea or constipation.
• Taking Phenytoin with or after meals can help minimise gastrointestinal discomfort.

Use in Driving and Operating Machinery

• Phenytoin may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or loss of coordination. These side effects could affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. It is recommended to avoid such activities if you experience these symptoms after taking Phenytoin.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

• Avoid Phenytoin during pregnancy as it may harm the unborn child. The use of Phenytoin during breastfeeding is also not recommended.

Caution in Other Conditions

• Patients with kidney disease, certain blood disorders (such as porphyria), or lupus should use Phenytoin with caution. Always inform your doctor of any existing health conditions before starting this medication.
• People with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels closely, as Phenytoin can alter blood glucose levels.

Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations

• Incorporating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can support overall health and contribute to better management of seizures.
• Regular sleep patterns and avoiding known triggers for seizures (like stress or lack of sleep) can help manage epilepsy alongside medication.
• Avoid alcohol and recreational substances, as they can increase seizure activity and interfere with the effectiveness of Phenytoin.